Iulia Antoanella Motoc, Reine Alapini-Gansou and Socorro Flores Liera —ICC pictures
MANILA, Philippines — On orders from the Worldwide Felony Courtroom (ICC), former President Rodrigo Duterte was arrested for alleged crimes towards humanity on March 11 in reference to the bloody struggle on medication he waged for six years.
The 15-page arrest warrant issued by The Hague-based tribunal was signed by the three ladies who make up the ICC’s Pre-Trial Chamber I, particularly Presiding Choose Iulia Antoanella Motoc, Choose Reine Alapini-Gansou and Choose Socorro Flores Liera.
READ: Former President Rodrigo Duterte now within the custody of ICC
Who’re the judges who determined that Duterte should stand trial?
Iulia Antoanella Motoc
Motoc’s time period within the ICC started on March 11, 2024 and can finish on March 10, 2033. Earlier than she joined the court docket, the 57-year-old worldwide regulation professional from Romania served as a choose on the European Courtroom of Human Rights, which is predicated in France, from 2013 to 2023.
She earlier served as a choose on the Constitutional Courtroom of Romania from 2010 to 2013. Motoc earned her regulation diploma from the College of Bucharest, and a grasp’s and doctorate levels in worldwide regulation from the Paul Cézanne College Aix-Marseille III in France.
She additionally had a doctorate in philosophy from the College of Bucharest, and served as a senior fellow on the New York College Faculty of Legislation and the Yale Faculty of Legislation.
Motoc additionally taught European and worldwide regulation on the College of Bucharest. Her analysis pursuits embody using pressure, concept of worldwide regulation, human rights and transitional justice.
She additionally labored as a visiting professor at varied European establishments, together with the European Institute Florence, College Paris I, the Academy of Worldwide Legislation in The Hague and the European Inter-College Centre for Human Rights and Democratisation in Venice, Italy.
Motoc additionally served as a UN particular rapporteur for the Democratic Republic of Congo, reporting crimes towards humanity and struggle crimes.
She additionally grew to become vp of the UN Human Rights Committee, and president of the UN Sub-Fee on Promotion and Safety of Human Rights.
As choose each on the European Conference on Human Rights and the Constitutional Courtroom of Romania, Motoc “handled critical and sophisticated circumstances together with corruption and sexual violence, genocide, crimes towards humanity and struggle crimes,” based on her profile on the ICC web site.
Throughout her stint within the UN human rights organizations, she codrafted the UN report that tackled free, prior and knowledgeable consent of indigenous peoples, in addition to the UN Pointers on Excessive Poverty.
Within the ICC, Motoc was named as the brand new member of the Pre-Trial Chamber I in March final yr because the presiding choose, changing then Presiding Choose Péter Kovács who was transferred to the ICC’s Trial Chamber V.
Among the many circumstances she dealt with was the scenario within the State of Palestine, serving additionally as a presiding choose for that case, regarding Israel’s actions on Gaza.
Amongst her present circumstances is the scenario within the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, notably the alleged crimes towards humanity dedicated within the South American nation.
Reine Alapini-Gansou
Gansou, who’s from Benin, assumed full-time standing within the ICC on June 11, 2018, however her time period started on March 11, 2018, and can finish March 10, 2027. Most of her work centered on human rights monitoring and safety in African nations.
Previous to becoming a member of the ICC, Gansou spent 12 years working to advance human rights in Africa, notably on the African Fee on Human and Peoples’ Rights which she chaired from 2009 to 2012. She was a particular rapporteur on human rights defenders within the continent, from 2005 to 2009 and from 2012 to 2017.
“She has been a member of a number of United Nations commissions of inquiries on human rights violations, and chaired the joint working group on particular procedures of the United Nations and the African Fee on human and folks’s rights,” learn her ICC web site profile.
Other than sitting as choose, she is the second vp of the ICC.
Gansou was earlier appointed choose on the Everlasting Courtroom of Arbitration in 2011. Gansou additionally served as a guide to the West Africa and Central Workplace of the World Well being Group, working primarily on the draft of a invoice on the safety of human rights for the mentally unwell.
She additionally taught on the College of Abomey-Calavi in Benin, and earned a joint postgraduate diploma from the colleges in Maastricht within the Netherlands, Lomé in Togo and in Bhutan.
Gansou additionally has a college diploma in widespread regulation from the College of Lyon 3 in France, and a grasp’s diploma in enterprise regulation and judicial careers from the Nationwide College of Benin.
She additionally has diplomas in worldwide human rights regulation from the African Institute of Human Rights in Banjul, Gambia; René Cassin Institute of Human Rights in Strasbourg, France; and the Worldwide Improvement Legislation Group in Rome.
On the ICC, Gansou had dealt with dozens of circumstances, amongst them regarding Palestine and Venezuela.
However most outstanding amongst them to this point was the case towards Russian President Vladimir Putin over the unlawful deportation of youngsters from invaded Ukraine.
She was among the many ICC judges who signed the warrant issued towards Putin in March 2023. For this, a neighborhood court docket in Moscow ordered her “arrest in absentia’’ for issuing the “knowingly unlawful” warrant towards the Russian chief.
Socorro Flores Liera
Liera is a Mexican lawyer whose time period started within the ICC on March 11, 2021 and can finish March 10, 2030.
Earlier than this, she had a distinguished profession in Mexico’s international service. Among the many senior posts she held was as everlasting consultant of Mexico to the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland, from 2017 to 2021, and positions in different worldwide organizations primarily based in Geneva.
Liera started her profession in international service on the Mexican Ministry of International Relations, the place she was given cost of her nation’s delegation to the 1998 negotiations on the Rome Statute, which established the ICC.
Mexico stays one of many “foremost promoters” of the ICC, based on the federal government web site.
On the ministry, Liera served as undersecretary for Latin America and the Caribbean, director common for international points, director common for American Regional Organizations, and director of Worldwide Legislation within the Workplace of the Authorized Counsel.
The Mexican authorities hailed her election as an ICC choose, citing her in depth expertise in worldwide legal regulation.
Liera was Mexico’s advocate-counselor within the proceedings on the Worldwide Courtroom of Justice on the Avena case, a go well with filed by Mexico towards the US in 2003. It accused Washington of violating the Vienna Conference on Consular Relations by jailing and sending 54 Mexican nationals to loss of life row with out permitting them to safe authorized illustration from their consulate.
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Liera studied regulation on the Universidad Iberoamericana and on the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, specializing in public worldwide regulation.
